Low temperature fretting wear behavior of four commercial greases
Wind turbines play an increasingly important role in the global energy market. The World Wind Energy Association [1] reported yearly growth of 13 percent in 2021 to an overall capacity of 840 GW, enough to provide more than 7 percent of the global power requirement. Operating requirements are becoming more demanding with the move toward […]
Jie Zhang, Alan Wheatley, Rihard Pasaribu, Edward Worthington, Sarah Matthews, Philippa Cann, Caroline Zinser
Solid and more stable support structures are needed for new OWTs; however, an innovative “hybrid” foundation is a new type of support proposed to reduce the length of a standard monopile, increase its lateral stiffness, and ease construction in offshore conditions.
This article reviews the latest developments of substructures for offshore wind turbines focusing on investigations and applications of hybrid foundations. Model tests and numerical analyses were used to simulate the loading of hybrid piles in sand. The results of pile-soil interaction were investigated to confirm the changes in soil stiffness around the hybrid monopile head. […]
